This is the first article about running an AI model on Mac Studio, and I will continue to migrate the environment from CUDA / Nvidia GPU to Mac MPS.
Why did I choose Mac Studio?
I chose Mac Studio because it is less expensive. It has 192GB of memory that can be used as a GPU. This means that it is possible to migrate the program from Nvidia GPU and save some money for personal use.
What is Fuyu-8B?
We are releasing Fuyu-8B, a small version of the multimodal model that powers our product. The model is available on HuggingFace. We think Fuyu-8B is exciting because:
- It has a much simpler architecture and training procedure than other multimodal models, making it easier to understand, scale, and deploy.
- It is designed from the ground up for digital agents, so it can support arbitrary image resolutions, answer questions about graphs and diagrams, answer UI-based questions, and perform fine-grained localization on screen images.
- It is fast – we can get responses for large images in less than 100 milliseconds.
- Despite being optimized for our use case, it performs well at standard image understanding benchmarks such as visual question-answering and natural-image-captioning.
Ok, let’s do it now.
Prepare the environment:
- You need Python 3.6+ and virtualenv installed. Conda or venv also work.
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virtualenv -p python3 py3
- Download the HuggingFace transformers and clone the transformer from GitHub.
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git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git cd transformers pip install .
- Download the model from https://huggingface.co/adept/fuyu-8b. You can use clone or download it manually, depending on your network speed.
- Install PyTorch from this page https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/ depending on your environment. Since I am using Mac M2 Studio, I should install this:
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pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio
- You are almost done here; now we can start the samples.
Sample 1:
from transformers import FuyuProcessor, FuyuForCausalLM
from PIL import Image
# load model and processor
model_id = "."
processor = FuyuProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = FuyuForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="mps", torch_dtype=torch.float16)
# prepare inputs for the model
text_prompt = "Generate a coco-style caption.\n"
image_path = "bus.png" # https://huggingface.co/adept-hf-collab/fuyu-8b/blob/main/bus.png
image = Image.open(image_path)
inputs = processor(text=text_prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt")
for k, v in inputs.items():
inputs[k] = v.to("mps")
# autoregressively generate text
generation_output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=7)
generation_text = processor.batch_decode(generation_output[:, -7:], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(generation_text)
Sample 2:
import os
from transformers import FuyuProcessor, FuyuForCausalLM
from PIL import Image
import torch
def list_files_in_directory(path, extensions=[".png", ".jpeg", ".jpg", ".JPG", ".PNG", ".JPEG"]):
files = [f for f in os.listdir(path) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, f)) and any(f.endswith(ext) for ext in extensions)]
return files
def main():
# load model and processor
model_id = "." #adept/fuyu-8b"
processor = FuyuProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = FuyuForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="mps", torch_dtype=torch.float16) # To solve OOM, float16 enables operation with only 24GB of VRAM. Alternatively float16 can be replaced with bfloat16 with differences in loading time and inference time.
# Load last image path or ask user
try:
with open("last_path.txt", "r") as f:
last_path = f.read().strip()
user_input = input(f"Do you want to use the last path '{last_path}'? (yes/no, default yes): ")
if not user_input or user_input.lower() != 'no':
last_path = last_path
else:
raise ValueError("User chose to input a new path.")
except:
last_path = input("Please provide the image directory path: ")
with open("last_path.txt", "w") as f:
f.write(last_path)
while True:
# List the first 10 images in the directory
images = list_files_in_directory(last_path)[:10]
for idx, image in enumerate(images, start=1):
print(f"{idx}. {image}")
# Allow the user to select an image
image_choice = input(f"Choose an image (1-{len(images)}) or enter its name: ")
try:
idx = int(image_choice)
image_path = os.path.join(last_path, images[idx-1])
except ValueError:
image_path = os.path.join(last_path, image_choice)
try:
image = Image.open(image_path)
except:
print("Cannot open the image. Please check the path and try again.")
continue
questions = [
"Generate a coco-style caption.",
"What color is the object?",
"Describe the scene.",
"Describe the facial expression of the character.",
"Tell me about the story from the image.",
"Enter your own question"
]
# Asking the user to select a question from list, or select to input one
for idx, q in enumerate(questions, start=1):
print(f"{idx}. {q}")
q_choice = int(input("Choose a question or enter your own: "))
if q_choice <= 5:
text_prompt = questions[q_choice-1] + '\n'
else:
text_prompt = input("Please enter your question: ") + '\n'
while True: # To enable the user to ask further question about an image
inputs = processor(text=text_prompt, images=image, return_tensors="pt")
for k, v in inputs.items():
inputs[k] = v.to("mps")
# To eliminate attention_mask warning
inputs["attention_mask"] = torch.ones(inputs["input_ids"].shape, device="mps")
generation_output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=50, pad_token_id=model.config.eos_token_id)
generation_text = processor.batch_decode(generation_output[:, -50:], skip_special_tokens=True)
print("Answer:", generation_text[0])
text_prompt = input("Ask another question about the same image or type '/exit' to exit: ") + '\n'
if text_prompt.strip() == '/exit':
break
#if name == "main":
main()
yes, It is Chinese. But not the Chinese fuyu-7b knows. It is not “食” (eating) , but “我不想洗碗”( i don’t want to wash the dishes). Fuyu-7b is lying. lol.